1 June 01, 2017
1.
Articles and Statements
2. Anvar M. Mamadaliev, Sergey I. Degtyarev
Serfdom and Serfdom of Peasants in the Russian State: Comparative Analysis
Slavery: Theory and Practice, 2017, 2(1): 7-17.
Number of views: 726 Download in PDF
3. Sergey L. Dudarev, Dmitry S. DudarevSlavery: Theory and Practice, 2017, 2(1): 7-17.
Abstract:
The article makes a comparative historical analysis of the institution of serfdom and serfdom in the Russian state in the XI–XIX centuries. Both different states of dependence in both Ancient Russia (servants and slaves) and the transformation of serfdom in different periods of Russian history (XIV–XIX centuries) are investigated. Also, various states of dependence of the Russian population are compared with the states of dependence of the population of other countries in the same period (primarily in the countries of Western Europe). On the basis of a comparative and historical analysis, there are common and special traits of chicanery, serfdom and serfdom in Russia, including in comparison with similar forms of dependence in neighboring countries.
The article makes a comparative historical analysis of the institution of serfdom and serfdom in the Russian state in the XI–XIX centuries. Both different states of dependence in both Ancient Russia (servants and slaves) and the transformation of serfdom in different periods of Russian history (XIV–XIX centuries) are investigated. Also, various states of dependence of the Russian population are compared with the states of dependence of the population of other countries in the same period (primarily in the countries of Western Europe). On the basis of a comparative and historical analysis, there are common and special traits of chicanery, serfdom and serfdom in Russia, including in comparison with similar forms of dependence in neighboring countries.
Number of views: 726 Download in PDF
Discussion of the Functioning of Some Forms of Personal Dependence in the North Caucasus Mountaineers in the first half of the 19th Century
Slavery: Theory and Practice, 2017, 2(1): 18-30.
Number of views: 726 Download in PDF
4. Elena I. InozemtsevaSlavery: Theory and Practice, 2017, 2(1): 18-30.
Abstract:
A widely known historical phenomenon in the North Caucasus in the first half of the 19th century was the capture of people with their subsequent sale to the markets of the East or within the region. This phenomenon has not received a stable definition from researchers: it is called slave trade, plenoprodavstvo (captives’ trade), "predatism", and so on. The task of this study is to clarify the meaning of the term "yasyr" and the scope of its functioning among the North Caucasians, especially with regards to the status of those who are called "Caucasian captives", i.e. captive Russians, captured by the mountaineers during their raids, etc. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that this term, which in principle covered Russian captives too, was spread throughout the North Caucasus, but was most common in its northeastern part. In the west of the same region it is known in isolated cases. Foreigners who visited the territory of Adygea (E. Spencer, J. Bell, J. A. Longworth, T. Lapinsky) and were able to get a good acquaintance with the social life of the local population, did not come across this term. The authors of the article believe that today it is impossible to unambiguously use the terms "slavery" and "slave-owning" as applied to the situation of the first half of the 19th century in the mountain environment, also with regard to Russian captives: slavery took place in the region not as a formation, but as a way of life, one of the possible names of which is a captive one. The status of captive Russians is closest to the term "yasyr." They were not strictly slaves but people with unstable status. The Russian captives who were waiting for ransom/ exchange in this temporary state sometimes acquired the "hypostasis" of a captive guest, or "a junior member of the family". If the ransom/exchange did not work out, the captives turned into a means of exchange, a kind of "currency" in the absence of the mountain people's developed monetary circulation and the dominance of the exchange of products and goods. The Russians did not play a serious role in production.
A widely known historical phenomenon in the North Caucasus in the first half of the 19th century was the capture of people with their subsequent sale to the markets of the East or within the region. This phenomenon has not received a stable definition from researchers: it is called slave trade, plenoprodavstvo (captives’ trade), "predatism", and so on. The task of this study is to clarify the meaning of the term "yasyr" and the scope of its functioning among the North Caucasians, especially with regards to the status of those who are called "Caucasian captives", i.e. captive Russians, captured by the mountaineers during their raids, etc. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that this term, which in principle covered Russian captives too, was spread throughout the North Caucasus, but was most common in its northeastern part. In the west of the same region it is known in isolated cases. Foreigners who visited the territory of Adygea (E. Spencer, J. Bell, J. A. Longworth, T. Lapinsky) and were able to get a good acquaintance with the social life of the local population, did not come across this term. The authors of the article believe that today it is impossible to unambiguously use the terms "slavery" and "slave-owning" as applied to the situation of the first half of the 19th century in the mountain environment, also with regard to Russian captives: slavery took place in the region not as a formation, but as a way of life, one of the possible names of which is a captive one. The status of captive Russians is closest to the term "yasyr." They were not strictly slaves but people with unstable status. The Russian captives who were waiting for ransom/ exchange in this temporary state sometimes acquired the "hypostasis" of a captive guest, or "a junior member of the family". If the ransom/exchange did not work out, the captives turned into a means of exchange, a kind of "currency" in the absence of the mountain people's developed monetary circulation and the dominance of the exchange of products and goods. The Russians did not play a serious role in production.
Number of views: 726 Download in PDF
To the Issue of the Concepts and Terms of the Slavery Institution in the Late Medieval Dagestan
Slavery: Theory and Practice, 2017, 2(1): 31-41.
Number of views: 751 Download in PDF
5. Yu.Yu. KlychnikovSlavery: Theory and Practice, 2017, 2(1): 31-41.
Abstract:
The author tried to give the most complete idea of the social slavery institution among the Dagestan peoples of late Middle Ages and revealed the meaning of socionyms in their languages and languages of the neighboring Caucasus peoples and there are the content of the term called "slave" and related concepts with it in modern Russian historiography. The author relied on the research of linguists in the field of social terminology in the languages of the Dagestan peoples and do not claim to research completely. It is underlined that we must be careful to the facts of existence of some of them on the basis of distorted or borrowed words so the same foreign language is not the same in all Dagestan languages and has the same refraction for historical and etymological analysis of social terms.
The author tried to give the most complete idea of the social slavery institution among the Dagestan peoples of late Middle Ages and revealed the meaning of socionyms in their languages and languages of the neighboring Caucasus peoples and there are the content of the term called "slave" and related concepts with it in modern Russian historiography. The author relied on the research of linguists in the field of social terminology in the languages of the Dagestan peoples and do not claim to research completely. It is underlined that we must be careful to the facts of existence of some of them on the basis of distorted or borrowed words so the same foreign language is not the same in all Dagestan languages and has the same refraction for historical and etymological analysis of social terms.
Number of views: 751 Download in PDF
The Factor of Slave Trade in the Russian Politics in the Northern Caucasus
Slavery: Theory and Practice, 2017, 2(1): 42-51.
Number of views: 744 Download in PDF
6. Iya ShiukashviliSlavery: Theory and Practice, 2017, 2(1): 42-51.
Abstract:
The article considers the slave trade practice following the example of the Northern Caucasus and its influence on the Russian politics in the region. The trade of slaves was practiced by local peoples long ago. Having faced to this thing, the Russian authorities began to root out such activities. Some part of the region population took action against it which to a certain extent predetermined military, political and social conflict. The unfavourable factors of foreign policy complicated the situation. The neighbouring states interested in getting “lively goods”, provoked the dragging out of the opposition. Only in the second part of the XIX century it was a success to overcome the crisis and stop the practice of slave trade. But while weakening the political system the phenomenon was appearing again and large efforts were needed to put up with it. The thread of slave trade with deep historical roots in the Northern Caucasus is still actual. The recent events, connected with the going out of the legal space of the Russia, testify to it.
The article considers the slave trade practice following the example of the Northern Caucasus and its influence on the Russian politics in the region. The trade of slaves was practiced by local peoples long ago. Having faced to this thing, the Russian authorities began to root out such activities. Some part of the region population took action against it which to a certain extent predetermined military, political and social conflict. The unfavourable factors of foreign policy complicated the situation. The neighbouring states interested in getting “lively goods”, provoked the dragging out of the opposition. Only in the second part of the XIX century it was a success to overcome the crisis and stop the practice of slave trade. But while weakening the political system the phenomenon was appearing again and large efforts were needed to put up with it. The thread of slave trade with deep historical roots in the Northern Caucasus is still actual. The recent events, connected with the going out of the legal space of the Russia, testify to it.
Number of views: 744 Download in PDF
Slavery in the USA (first half of the 19th century): Socio-Economic Aspects
Slavery: Theory and Practice, 2017, 2(1): 52-61.
Number of views: 718 Download in PDF
7. Slavery: Theory and Practice, 2017, 2(1): 52-61.
Abstract:
The article deals with slavery in the US in the first half of the XIX century. Attention is paid to the history of slave-owning relations and the specifics of the use of slaves in agriculture. Important attention is paid to the dynamics of prices for living goods. Materials for writing the article were media archives, historical documents, as well as scientific articles and research. When solving research problems, general scientific traditional methods of analysis, synthesis, concretization, generalization were applied. In order to reveal both the detailed characteristics and the general and the particular in the materials obtained through random sampling, a historico-comparative method was actively used. In particular, this method was applied to compare the economic situation in the South and North of the USA. In conclusion, the author notes that the purchase of even one slave in America XVIII–XIX century was considered a serious investment of capital and was considered not only as a means of production, but also as an investment along with investing in stocks or government bonds.
The article deals with slavery in the US in the first half of the XIX century. Attention is paid to the history of slave-owning relations and the specifics of the use of slaves in agriculture. Important attention is paid to the dynamics of prices for living goods. Materials for writing the article were media archives, historical documents, as well as scientific articles and research. When solving research problems, general scientific traditional methods of analysis, synthesis, concretization, generalization were applied. In order to reveal both the detailed characteristics and the general and the particular in the materials obtained through random sampling, a historico-comparative method was actively used. In particular, this method was applied to compare the economic situation in the South and North of the USA. In conclusion, the author notes that the purchase of even one slave in America XVIII–XIX century was considered a serious investment of capital and was considered not only as a means of production, but also as an investment along with investing in stocks or government bonds.
Number of views: 718 Download in PDF